Publications database

This resource has been developed by the EMCDDA and Europol and co-produced with the EMCDDA Reference Group on Drug Supply Indicators. It draws on the detailed findings presented in EU Drug Markets...

‘EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids’ describes the European opioids market from production and trafficking to distribution and use. It details the processes, materials and players involved at various stages and...

Addressing the pressing concerns around illicit opioid use in Europe, this text introduces the heroin market and its implications. It underscores the significant societal burden and potential market changes in light of...

This resource identifies the key points and threats emerging from the analysis. The opioid market's complexity is increased due to synthetic opioids. Despite doubled seized heroin quantities, lower prices and higher purity...

This page provides a top-level review of the global opioid market and includes information on production, trafficking, distribution and use. This resource is part of EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids...

This page provides an overview of the heroin production process and examines trends in opium and heroin production. This resource is part of EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids – In-depth...

This page provides an overview of the trafficking of heroin and other opioids from production zones to the European consumer market. This includes information on seizures, trafficking routes and methods. This resource...

Criminal networks involved in the illicit heroin market are business-oriented, cooperative and adaptable. Many different networks are involved in heroin trafficking activities along the extensive supply chain from production zones to EU...

This page provides an overview of prices and purity of heroin at wholesale level and on the consumer market in Europe. This includes detailed analysis, based on available data, on price, purity...

This page provides an overview of the retail opioid market, including use, harms and distribution. This resource is part of EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids – In-depth analysis by the...