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Cocaine

Cocaine hub — publications, news, data and more

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Overview

Cocaine is the hydrochloride salt produced from the leaves of the coca plant. Powder cocaine is typically snorted and less frequently injected. Crack is the smokable form of cocaine and is manufactured from cocaine hydrochloride. Cocaine is known for its immediate effects and association with problematic patterns of drug use. On this page you can find links to data, scientific publications and resources available from the EMCDDA on the topic of cocaine and crack cocaine.

lines of cocaine on a mirror alongside a razor blade

Publications

Publications by the EMCDDA on this topic

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European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN Plus): data and analysis

2023
The drug situation in Europe up to 2023 – an overview and assessment of emerging threats and new developments (European Drug Report 2023)

2023
European Drug Report 2023: Trends and Developments

2023
Cocaine – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023)

2023
Statistical Bulletin 2023 home — latest data and statistics on the drug situation in Europe

2023
Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study (Perspectives on drugs)

2023
Drug-related health and security threats in the Western Balkans

2022
European Web Survey on Drugs 2021: Emerging findings in Ukraine

2022
European Web Survey on Drugs 2021: Emerging findings in Georgia

2022
European Web Survey on Drugs 2021: Emerging findings in Lebanon

2022
European Drug Report 2022: Trends and Developments

2022
EU Drug Markets: Cocaine

2022
EU Drug Markets: Coca and cocaine production

2022
EU Drug Markets: Europe and the global cocaine trade

2022
EU Drug Markets: Cocaine — increasingly attractive for a wider range of criminal networks

2022

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News

Read our most recent news on this topic

New analysis sheds light on drug-related hospital emergencies in Europe (July 2023)
COPOLAD III: Expert meeting on the chemical concealment of cocaine (June 2023)
Greater diversity in drug supply and use creates new challenges for Europe (June 2023)
Wastewater samples from over 100 European cities reveal latest drug-taking trends (March 2023)
Port of Antwerp welcomes officials following continued rise in cocaine seizures (February 2023)
Europe’s changing role in expanding cocaine and methamphetamine markets (May 2022)
Coming soon: latest analyses of Europe’s cocaine and methamphetamine markets (April 2022)
Latest wastewater data reveal drug-taking habits in 75 European cities in a record 25 countries — increases in detections of most drugs studied (March 2022)
European drug market proves resilient to COVID-19 disruption (June 2021)
Latest wastewater data reveal drug-taking habits in a record 82 European cities (May 2021)
New multi-city syringe study uncovers latest patterns of injecting drug use (February 2021)
New report provides window onto EU drug market changes during COVID-19 (May 2020)
Latest wastewater data reveal drug-taking habits in 68 European cities — traces of stimulant drugs rise again (March 2020)
New report highlights wide-ranging impacts of EU drug markets on health and security (November 2019)
Coming soon: 2019 EU Drug Markets Report from the EMCDDA and Europol (November 2019)

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Data

Data sets and statistics on this topic

Drugs in wastewater: source data (March 2023)

Source data for European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise (ESCAPE): data explorer, analysis and key findings
Source data for European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN Plus): data and analysis
Data table. Prevalence of drug use in Europe, trends (1990-2022)
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — price, purity and potency
Source data for Cocaine – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023)
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — hospital emergencies data (Euro-DEN plus)
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — drug checking data from the TEDI network
Source data for Drug supply, production and precursors – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023)
Statistical Bulletin 2023 – prevalence and patterns of drug use in the general population
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — treatment demand data
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — syringe residues (ESCAPE)
Annex tables to the European Drug Report 2023
Statistical Bulletin 2023 — drug use and prison
Prevalence of drug use in Europe, based on most recent general population surveys (2021 or most recent year)
Drugs in municipal wastewater in Europe: source data

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Document library

Documents on this topic in our Document Library

Consumption of cocaine in Portugal (European Web Survey on Drugs 2021) (2022)
Cocaine treatment demands in 10 western European countries: observed trends between 2011 and 2018 (2020)
COVID-19 and the drug supply chain: from production and trafficking to use (UNODC) (2020)
Authors' reply to comment on "Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases" (2020)
An assessment of the extent of Albanian(-speaking) organised crime groups involved in drug supply in the European Union: Characteristics, role and the level of influence (2019)
Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases (2019)
World Drug Report 2018 (2018)
Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report (2018)
Drug affordability - potential tool for comparing illicit drug markets (2018)
An overview of recent changes in cocaine trafficking routes into Europe (2016)
Evolution of estimated coca cultivation and cocaine production in South America (Bolivia, Colombia and Peru) and of the actors, modalities and routes of cocaine trafficking to Europe (2016)
Cocaine-Related Health Emergencies in Europe: A Review of Sources of Information, Trends and Implications for Service Development (2012)
Analysis of the data sources, numbers and characteristics of cocaine-related DRD cases reported in Special Mortality Registries, or eventually in General Mortality Registries (GMR) when necessary (2012)