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Table GPS-7. Lifetime prevalence of drug use in all available national general population surveys
Part (iii) Young adults (aged 15–34)
| Country Geographical area | Year | Reference | Age range young adults | Sample size young adults | Cannabis (%) | Cocaine (%) (1) | Amphetamines (%) (2) | Ecstasy (%) (3) | LSD (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | ||||||||||
| Vlaanderen (Brussels excluded) | 1994 | (1) | 18-34 | : | 9.2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.3 | : | |
| French Community | 1996–97 | (2) | 18-34 | 508 | 17.8 | : | : | : | : | |
| French Community | 1998–99 | (3) | 18-34 | 461 | 26.5 | : | : | : | : | |
| French Community | 2000 | (4) | 18-34 | 282 | 30.9 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2001 | (5) | 15-34 | 2758 | 19.2 | : | 4.0 | : | : | |
| National | 2004 | (6) | 15-34 | : | 23.7 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2008 | (7) | 15–34 | 2550 | 26.0 | : | : | : | : | |
| Bulgaria | ||||||||||
| National | 2005 | (1) | 18-34 | 433 | 8.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.5 | |
| National | 2007 | (2) | 15–34 | 2591 | 11.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 0.9 | |
| National | 2008 | (3) | 15–34 | 2164 | 14.3 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 0.4 | |
| Czech Republic | ||||||||||
| National | 2002 | (1) | 18-34 | 1002 | 38.0 | : | 4.3 | 8.8 | 4.7 | |
| National | 2004 | (2) | 18-34 | 1414 | 38.3 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 14.6 | 2.5 | |
| National | 2008 | (3) | 15–34 | 2079 | 53.3 | 3.6 | 7.8 | 18.4 | 10.3 | |
| National | 2008 | (4) | 15–34 | 615 | 30.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 3.0 | |
| National | 2009 | (5) | 15–34 | 616 | 45.5 | 1.9 | 4.4 | 9.3 | : | |
| National | 2010 | (6) | 15–34 | 615 | 49.3 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 5.0 | |
| National | 2010 | (7) | 15–34 | 674 | 38.9 | 1.9 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 4.7 | |
| National | 2011 | (8) | 15–34 | 361 | 35.7 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 9.7 | 3.0 | |
| Denmark | ||||||||||
| National | 1990 | (1) | 16-44 | : | 36.0 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 1994 | (2) | : | 2521 | : | : | 4.0 | : | : | |
| National | 2000 | (3) | 16-34 | 4141 | 44.6 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 2.6 | 1.3 | |
| National | 2005 | (4) | 16-34 | 3583 | 49.5 | 9.1 | 12.7 | 5.3 | 2.4 | |
| National | 2008 | (5) | 16–34 | 1744 | 48.0 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 4.5 | 1.6 | |
| National | 2010 | (6) | 16–34 | 3381 | 44.5 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 5.8 | 1.5 | |
| Germany | ||||||||||
| East Germany | 1990 | (1) | 12-39 | : | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | : | : | |
| Western Germany | 1990 | (2) | 12-39 | 19207 | 14.5 | 1.3 | 2.7 | : | : | |
| Old and new Länder | 1995 | (3) | 18-34 | 3157 | 19.7 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.2 | : | |
| Old and new Länder | 1997 | (4) | 18-34 | 3058 | 19.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.6 | : | |
| National | 2000 | (5) | 18-34 | 3107 | 30.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 2.4 | |
| National | 2003 | (6) | 18-34 | 3775 | 36.1 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 3.4 | |
| National | 2006 | (7) | 18-34 | 3306 | 37.5 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 2.9 | |
| National | 2009 | (8) | 18–34 | 3876 | 38.5 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 2.5 | |
| Estonia | ||||||||||
| National | 1998 | (1) | 18-34 | 804 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
| National | 2003 | (2) | 15-34 | 646 | : | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2008 | (3) | 15–34 | 545 | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Ireland | ||||||||||
| National | 1998 | (1) | 18-34 | 318 | 26.2 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 1998 | (2) | 18-34 | : | 30.0 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2000 | (3) | 18-34 | 404 | 19.7 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2002–03 | (4) | 15-34 | : | 24.0 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 4.6 | |
| National | 2006–07 | (5) | 15-34 | 1989 | 28.6 | 8.2 | 5.1 | 9.0 | 3.6 | |
| National | 2010–11 | (6) | 15-34 | : | 33.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 10.9 | 5.4 | |
| Greece | ||||||||||
| Athens | 1993 | (1) | 18-35 | : | 15.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | : | : | |
| National (except Aegean and Ionian Islands) | 1998 | (2) | 15-34 | 2014 | 19.7 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | : | |
| National (except Aegean and Ionian Islands) | 2004 | (3) | 15-34 | 2620 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | |
| Spain | ||||||||||
| National | 1995 | (1) | 15-34 | 5813 | 22.9 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 3.5 | : | |
| National | 1997 | (2) | 15-34 | 6898 | 31.8 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 4.7 | : | |
| National | 1999 | (3) | 15-34 | 6293 | 28.5 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 4.4 | : | |
| National | 2001 | (4) | 15-34 | 6915 | 35.0 | 7.7 | 4.8 | 7.9 | : | |
| National | 2003 | (5) | 15-34 | 5357 | 39.0 | 8.9 | 4.7 | 8.3 | : | |
| National | 2005–06 | (6) | 15-34 | 14699 | 38.6 | 9.6 | 5.3 | 7.0 | : | |
| National | 2007-08 | (7) | 15–34 | 9843 | 37.3 | 11.8 | 5.5 | 7.1 | : | |
| National | 2009 | (8) | 15–34 | : | 42.4 | 13.6 | 5.7 | 8.4 | : | |
| National | 2011 | (9) | 15–34 | 10507 | 36.9 | 11.1 | 4.6 | 5.7 | : | |
| France | ||||||||||
| National | 1992 | (1) | 15-34 | 373 | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Metropolitan France | 1995 | (2) | : | 756 | 27.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | : | : | |
| National | 1999 | (3) | 18-34 | 753 | 32.9 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | |
| National | 2000 | (4) | 15-34 | 4749 | 35.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |
| Metropolitan France | 2002 | (5) | 15-34 | 724 | 39.9 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | |
| National | 2005 | (6) | 15-34 | 10855 | 43.6 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 1.6 | |
| National | 2010 | (7) | 15–34 | 7727 | 45.1 | 6.0 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 2.4 | |
| Italy | ||||||||||
| National | 2001 | (1) | 15-34 | 3698 | 24.5 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 0.0 | |
| National | 2003 | (2) | 15-34 | 5231 | 29.9 | 6.2 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |
| National | 2005 | (3) | 15-34 | 16552 | 34.6 | 7.4 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | |
| National | 2008 | (4) | 15–34 | 6398 | 37.5 | 7.6 | 3.4 | 3.8 | : | |
| National | (4) | 2012 | (5) | 18–34 | 4966 | 34.3 | 6.5 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 1.0 |
| Cyprus | ||||||||||
| National | 2006 | (1) | 15-34 | 1753 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 1.0 | |
| National | 2009 | (2) | 15–34 | 1810 | 18.0 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 2.5 | |
| Latvia | ||||||||||
| National | 2003 | (1) | 15-34 | 2470 | 19.6 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 2.2 | |
| National | 2007 | (2) | 15–34 | 2497 | 21.7 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 2.3 | |
| National | 2011 | (3) | 15–34 | 2258 | 20.4 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 1.3 | |
| Lithuania | ||||||||||
| National | 2004 | (1) | 15-34 | 1814 | 13.0 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.5 | |
| National | 2008 | (2) | 15–34 | 2152 | 21.2 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 0.7 | |
| Luxembourg | ||||||||||
| National | 1998 | (1) | 15-34 | : | 15.8 | 0.3 | : | 1.9 | 1.3 | |
| Hungary | ||||||||||
| National | 2001 | (1) | 18-34 | 790 | 13.0 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.1 | |
| National | 2003 | (2) | 18-34 | 2319 | 17.4 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 3.1 | |
| National | 2007 | (3) | 18-34 | 1111 | 19.1 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 2.4 | |
| Malta | ||||||||||
| National | 2001 | (1) | 18-34 | 640 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |
| Netherlands | ||||||||||
| National | (5) | 1997–98 | (1) | 15-34 | 9090 | 27.3 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 1.5 |
| National | (5) | 2001 | (2) | 15-34 | : | 29.5 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 1.3 |
| National | (5) | 2005 | (3) | 15-34 | : | 32.3 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 8.1 | 1.5 |
| National | (6) | 2009 | (4) | 15–34 | : | 36.8 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 11.6 | : |
| Austria | ||||||||||
| National | 2004 | (1) | 15-34 | 1754 | 28.0 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 1.8 | |
| National | 2008 | (2) | 15–34 | 2558 | 19.2 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 1.9 | |
| Poland | ||||||||||
| National | 2002 | (1) | 16-34 | : | 14.7 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | |
| National | 2006 | (2) | 15-34 | 2031 | 16.1 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | |
| National | 2010 | (3) | 15–34 | 3201 | 28.8 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 3.7 | |
| Portugal | ||||||||||
| National | 2001 | (1) | 15-34 | 6406 | 12.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.6 | |
| National | 2007 | (2) | 15-34 | 4765 | 17.0 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 0.9 | |
| Romania | ||||||||||
| National | 2004 | (1) | 15-34 | : | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | |
| National | 2007 | (2) | 15–34 | 2262 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | |
| National | 2010 | (3) | 15–34 | 3108 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | |
| Slovenia | ||||||||||
| National | 2007 | (1) | 15–34 | 691 | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Slovakia | ||||||||||
| National | 1996 | (1) | 15-39 | 721 | 13.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | : | : | |
| National | 1998 | (2) | 15-39 | 665 | 14.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 3.7 | : | |
| National | 2000 | (3) | 15-34 | 529 | 20.9 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 5.4 | : | |
| National | 2002 | (4) | 15-34 | 548 | 26.9 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 3.9 | : | |
| National | 2004 | (5) | 15-34 | 578 | 28.2 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 7.4 | : | |
| National | 2006 | (6) | 15-34 | 556 | 28.6 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 8.4 | : | |
| National | 2010 | (7) | 15–34 | 1769 | 18.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 0.8 | |
| Finland | ||||||||||
| National | 1992 | (1) | 18-34 | : | 10.1 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 1996 | (2) | 16-34 | : | 15.0 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 1998 | (3) | 15-34 | 974 | 17.5 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.3 | : | |
| National | 2000 | (4) | 15-34 | 615 | 16.6 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.0 | |
| National | 2002 | (5) | 15-34 | 1240 | 22.4 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 1.7 | |
| National | 2004 | (6) | 15-34 | 1031 | 22.0 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 1.4 | |
| National | 2006 | (7) | 15-34 | 1387 | 22.1 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 1.2 | |
| National | 2010 | (8) | 15–34 | 875 | 29.0 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 1.9 | |
| Sweden | ||||||||||
| National | 1994 | (1) | 16-34 | 310 | 9.1 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
| National | 1996 | (2) | 16-34 | 476 | 11.7 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | |
| National | 1998 | (3) | 16-34 | 542 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | : | |
| National | 2000 | (4) | 16-34 | 575 | 13.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | |
| National | 2008 | (5) | 15–34 | 16271 | 19.2 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 3.7 | : | |
| National | 2004 | (6) | 18-34 | 2985 | 21.0 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2005 | (7) | 16-34 | 9522 | 17.9 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2006 | (8) | 16-34 | 14408 | 19.1 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2007 | (9) | 16-34 | 1432 | 18.1 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2008 | (10) | 16-34 | 2546 | 16.2 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2009 | (11) | 16-34 | 2376 | 20.9 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2010 | (12) | 16-34 | 2196 | 20.4 | : | : | : | : | |
| National | 2011 | (13) | 16-34 | 2035 | 21.4 | : | : | : | : | |
| United Kingdom | ||||||||||
| England and Wales | 1994 | (1) | 16-34 | 4329 | 31.6 | 3.4 | 12.4 | 4.7 | 7.4 | |
| England and Wales | 1996 | (2) | 16-34 | 4720 | 34.5 | 4.4 | 14.5 | 7.5 | 8.9 | |
| England and Wales | 1998 | (3) | 16-34 | 4112 | 39.5 | 5.8 | 17.2 | 8.2 | 9.1 | |
| England and Wales | 2000 | (4) | 16-34 | 4910 | 43.0 | 9.8 | 20.3 | 11.2 | 10.5 | |
| England and Wales | 2001–02 | (5) | 16-34 | 9006 | 42.2 | 8.7 | 18.0 | 11.8 | 8.3 | |
| England and Wales | 2002–03 | (6) | 16-34 | 9826 | 43.4 | 10.0 | 18.6 | 13.0 | 9.1 | |
| England and Wales | 2003–04 | (7) | 16-34 | 10922 | 43.4 | 11.6 | 18.4 | 13.6 | 9.2 | |
| England and Wales | 2004–05 | (8) | 16-34 | 12630 | 41.4 | 10.5 | 16.5 | 12.7 | 7.3 | |
| England and Wales | 2005–06 | (9) | 16-34 | 12329 | 41.5 | 12.1 | 16.8 | 13.3 | 7.6 | |
| England and Wales | 2006–07 | (10) | 16-34 | 11973 | 41.4 | 12.7 | 16.5 | 13.0 | 7.1 | |
| England and Wales | 2007-08 | (11) | 16-34 | 10021 | 40.1 | 12.0 | 15.3 | 12.7 | 6.6 | |
| England and Wales | 2008-09 | (12) | 16-34 | 9683 | 40.5 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 6.1 | |
| England and Wales | 2009-10 | (13) | 16-34 | 8945 | 38.8 | 13.4 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 5.5 | |
| England and Wales | 2010-11 | (14) | 16-34 | 9589 | 38.4 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 4.8 | |
| England and Wales | 2011-12 | (15) | 16-34 | 9691 | 37.3 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 4.7 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2002–03 | (16) | 15-34 | : | 25.1 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 11.4 | 7.8 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2005 | (17) | 16-34 | : | 28.8 | 6.8 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 5.4 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2006-07 | (18) | 16-34 | 920 | 30.6 | 5.7 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 5.5 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2007-08 | (19) | 16-34 | 919 | 28.8 | 7.7 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 6.1 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2008-09 | (20) | 16-34 | 805 | 30.7 | 9.0 | 11.8 | 15.1 | 6.9 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2010-11 | (21) | 15-34 | 855 | 32.2 | 11.2 | 8.9 | 14.2 | 7.7 | |
| Scotland | 2003 | (22) | 16-34 | 1193 | 35.9 | 8.7 | 16.5 | 12.5 | 7.8 | |
| Scotland | 2004 | (23) | 16-34 | 978 | 34.4 | 8.1 | 14.4 | 11.4 | 7.9 | |
| Scotland | 2006 | (24) | 16-34 | 1115 | 49.6 | 15.5 | 22.1 | 19.4 | 11.6 | |
| Scotland | 2008-09 | (25) | 16–34 | 2485 | 41.5 | 15.7 | 14.4 | 17.4 | 8.5 | |
| Scotland | 2009-10 | (26) | 16–34 | 2870 | 39.8 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 16.5 | 7.0 | |
| Scotland | 2010-11 | (27) | 16–34 | 2432 | 37.1 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 16.4 | 6.8 | |
| United Kingdom | 2004 | (28) | 16-34 | : | 42.3 | 11.1 | 17.9 | 13.4 | 9.0 | |
| United Kingdom | 2006 | (29) | 16–34 | : | 41.9 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 13.5 | 7.5 | |
| Croatia | ||||||||||
| National | 2012 | (1) | 15-34 | 1995 | 25.3 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 2.4 | |
| Turkey | ||||||||||
| National | 2011 | (1) | 15-34 | 4039 | 1.0 | : | 0.4 | 0.1 | : | |
| Norway | ||||||||||
| National | 1999 | (1) | 15-34 | 794 | 20.9 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 2.5 | : | |
| National | 2004 | (2) | 15-34 | 1238 | 25.5 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 1.7 | |
| National | 2009 | (3) | 15–34 | 632 | 21.9 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 2.1 | 1.5 | |
Notes:
(1) Cocaine, any form.
(2) For Belgium National 2001 and for Metropolitan France 1995: amphetamine and ecstasy, for Denmark National 1994: hard drugs.
(3) For Spain: ecstasy and other designer drugs.
(4) The most recent general population survey reported by Italy display a wide variation in results compared with the previous surveys which may reflect methodological differences. The data is provided for information, but given the lack of comparability between surveys should be treated with caution.
(5) In the Netherlands, the figures for 2001 have been recomputed using only the interviews conducted using the CAPI method (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) and excluding other methods of data collection (mail, telephone, etc.) to ensure comparability with 1997 and 2005. For 2005 only, respondents with information collected through the CAPI method were included (this note applies to all tables and graphics regarding population surveys for the Netherlands 2001 and 2005).
(6) The most recent General population surveys reported by the Netherlands display a wide variation in results compared with 2005 which may reflect methodological differences. The data is provided for information, but given the lack of comparability between surveys should be treated with caution.
This table aims to provide an overview of national surveys. Exceptionally, some relevant regional surveys are presented. Some city surveys reported by countries were not included as they tend to produce higher prevalence estimates, which are not comparable with estimates for whole countries (or large regions with both urban and rural areas). Athens was included as a reference point for the 1993 survey.
In surveys with small sample sizes results should be interpreted with caution.
Countries were asked to report results using, as far as possible, EMCDDA standard age groups (all adults: 15–64, young adults: 15–34). In countries where age ranges are more restrictive, prevalence estimates may tend to be slightly higher. Some countries have recalculated their prevalence figures using the EMCDDA standard age groups.
For methods and definitions on population surveys in general, see General population surveys of drug use – methods and definitions.
For methods of each survey presented in this table, see Table GPS-7 part (i).
See also 'General notes for interpreting data' on the Explanatory notes and help page.
Sources:
See Table GPS-0.