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  Implementation at any level, including pilot projects, is included. Source data The data used to generate infographics and charts on this page may be found below. Show source tables List of tables Table 1 (number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2022) Table 2 (availability of take-home naloxone in Europe) Table 3 (needle and syringes distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2021 or latest available estimate) Table 4 (location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe) Table 1. Number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2022 Year Drug checking Drug consumption rooms Methadone maintenance treatment Needle and syringe programmes Take-home naloxone 1967     1     1968     2     1969           1970     3     1971           1972           1973           1974     4     1975     5     1976           1977     6     1978           1979           1980           1981           1982           1983           1984       2   1985       3   1986       6   1987     8 7   1988       8   1989     9 11   1990     11 13   1991     12     1992 1   15 14   1993     16 16   1994     17 19   1995     20 21   1996 2   22     1997 5   23 25   1998     26 26   1999           2000       27   2001 7   27     2002           2003           2004           2005           2006           2007       28   2008           2009           2010         1 2011           2012           2013         2 2014 8       4 2015   1     6 2016 9 2     7 2017   6     9 2018 10 8     11 2019   9     13 2020 12       15 2021           2022 12 10 27 28 16 Back to list of tables   Table 2. Availability of take-home naloxone in Europe Country Availability Austria Available Belgium Not available Bulgaria Not available Croatia Not available Cyprus Available Czechia Available Denmark Available Estonia Available Finland Not available France Available Germany Available Greece Not available Hungary Not available Ireland Available Italy Available Latvia Not available Lithuania Available Luxembourg Not available Malta Not available Netherlands Not available Norway Available Poland Not available Portugal Available Romania Not available Slovakia Not available Slovenia Available Spain Available Sweden Available Türkiye Not available Back to list of tables   Table 3. Needle and syringe distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2021 or latest available estimate Country Proportion in opioid agonist treatment Syringes per person who injects drugs Number people who inject drugs Croatia 0.5 43 6344 Cyprus 0.17 8 627 Czechia 0.59 232 40500 Finland 0.18 264 25000 France 0.78 118 106857 Greece 0.85 234 2462 Italy 0.27 5 105652 Latvia 0.1 145 7715 Lithuania 0.15 30 8868 Luxembourg 0.86 523 822 Norway 0.86 482 7878 Portugal 0.64 86 13162 Spain 0.9 181 8582 Belgium 0.72 172 7018 Back to list of tables   Table 4. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe City Country lat lon Number of facilities Brussels Belgium 50.84 4.35 1 Liege Belgium 50.6278 5.57459 1 Aarhus Denmark 56.14597 10.19845 1 Copenhagen Denmark 55.67453 12.5677 2 Odense Denmark 55.39509 10.38202 1 Vejle Denmark 55.70232 9.522832 1 Paris France 48.8539 2.34879 1 Strasbourg France 48.579 7.73633 1 Berlin Germany 52.504671 13.3945135 3 Bielefeld Germany 52.02656 8.540516 1 Bochum Germany 51.4815 7.2244 1 Bonn Germany 50.78 7.1778 1 Dortmund Germany 51.56247 7.45377 1 Düsseldorf Germany 51.2397 6.6778 1 Essen Germany 51.4798 7.0569 1 Frankfurt Germany 50.20948 8.76 4 Hamburg Germany 53.56828 9.999227 5 Hannover Germany 52.37608 9.73263 1 Karlsruhe Germany 49.012 8.390306 1 Köln Germany 50.93167 6.949464 1 Münster Germany 51.95222 7.623233 1 Saarbrücken Germany 49.24041 6.98665 1 Troisdorf Germany 50.818 7.14125 1 Wuppertal Germany 51.24225 7.158186 1 Athens Greece 38 23.7 1 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg 49.50245 5.97222 1 Luxembourg Luxembourg 49.6503 6.2512 1 Almere Netherlands 52.3829 5.2887 1 Amsterdam Netherlands 52.414 4.90793 3 Apeldoorn Netherlands 52.1813 6.00827 1 Arnhem Netherlands 51.98497 5.899034 1 Deventer Netherlands 52.29638 6.178408 1 Enschede Netherlands 52.1988 6.87604 1 Haarlem Netherlands 52.389 4.6896 1 Heerlen Netherlands 50.8888 5.9811 1 Leeuwarden Netherlands 53.1987 5.8322 1 Leiden Netherlands 52.1597 4.4811544 1 Maastricht Netherlands 50.8541 5.69063 1 Nijmegen Netherlands 51.81272 5.842056 2 Roermond Netherlands 51.2248 5.9753 1 Rotterdam Netherlands 51.8882 4.6136 4 s-Hertogenbosch Netherlands 51.69714 5.305474 1 Tilburg Netherlands 51.60593 5.14963 1 Utrecht Netherlands 52.086 5.1127 1 Vlissingen Netherlands 51.42818 3.52915 1 Zwolle Netherlands 52.54429 6.09052 1 Bergen Norway 60.3954 5.33062 1 Oslo Norway 59.920979 10.753526 1 Porto Portugal 41.149 -8.610 1 Lisbon Portugal 38.716311 -9.142432 2 Badalona Spain 41.450142 2.24742 1 Barcelona Spain 41.3825 2.1769 9 Bilbao Spain 43.2569 -2.9236 1 Lleida Spain 41.61898 0.6201 1 Reus Spain 41.14994 1.10571 2 Sant Adrià de Besòs Spain 41.430599 2.21824 1 Tarragona Spain 41.1186 1.24047 1 Back to list of tables  

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. This data explorer enables you to view our data on the...

Presentation by Chair of the EMCDDA Management Board Franz Pietsch on occasion of the launch of the European Drug Report 2023.

Presentation by EMCDDA Director Alexis Goosdeel on occasion of the launch of the European Drug Report 2023.

This page is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. .aag h3, .aag h4, .aag h5, .aag p {text-align: center; }...

This map shows the location of hospitals participating in the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN — Euro-DEN Plus) project. This project involves the collection of data on emergency department presentations with...

EMCDDA4GE was the first bilateral project between the EMCDDA and Georgia, running from 2 May 2021 to 30 June 2023. The project aimed to enhance national responses to drug-related health and security...

This chart is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   Source data Show source tables List of tables Table 1 (Characteristics of drug-induced deaths) Table 2 (Age distribution of drug-induced deaths) Table 3 (Proportion of drug-induced deaths among males) Table 4 (Drug-induced deaths in the European Union: age at death) Table 5 (Proportion of drug-induced deaths cases with opioids mentioned) Table 6 (Number of drug-induced deaths reported in the EU in 2012 and 2021 by age band) Table 7 (Trends in drug-induced deaths) Table 8 (Proportion of drug-induced deaths with benzodiazepines involved, 2019 to 2021) Table 1. Characteristics of drug-induced deaths   Males (%) Females (%) Mean age at death (males) Mean age at death (females) Number EU Number EU+2 Deaths with opioids present (percent)   79 21 42 48 6166 6677 74 Table 1a. Characteristics of drug-induced deaths: gender (percent) Gender Percent (%) Males 79 Females 21 Table 1b. Characteristics of drug-induced deaths: age Gender Age Males 42 Females 48 Table 1b. Characteristics of drug-induced deaths: numbers Region Number EU 6166 EU+2 6677 Back to list of tables   Table 2. Age distribution of drug-induced deaths reported in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye in 2021 (%) Country Year <25 25-44 45-64 65+ Spain 2020 3 36 37 24 Netherlands 2021 5 36 47 12 Portugal 2020 0 42 52 6 Denmark 2020 7 39 38 17 Norway 2021 10 39 43 8 Belgium 2019 6 43 39 11 Czechia 2021 8 44 31 17 France 2016 4 49 32 15 Croatia 2021 1 55 40 4 Italy 2021 6 51 41 2 Sweden 2021 12 46 33 9 Poland 2020 17 41 23 18 Cyprus 2021 10 50 40 0 Luxembourg 2021 0 60 40 0 Slovenia 2021 6 60 26 8 Greece 2019 5 63 31 0 Ireland 2017 6 63 28 3 Bulgaria 2021 10 60 20 10 Germany 2017 9 61 30 0 Lithuania 2021 2 69 27 2 Finland 2021 21 52 22 6 Estonia 2021 15 56 15 13 Austria 2021 23 54 22 0 Hungary 2021 17 64 17 2 Slovakia 2021 21 61 14 4 Türkiye 2021 21 63 16 0 Latvia 2021 6 82 12 0 Romania 2021 3 87 10 0 Malta 2021 0 100 0 0 Back to list of tables   Table 3. Proportion of drug-induced deaths among males Country Country code Males Austria AT 85 Belgium BE 77 Bulgaria BG 90 Croatia HR 84 Cyprus CY 100 Czechia CZ 67 Denmark DK 71 Estonia EE 74 Finland FI 75 France FR 74 Germany DE 83 Greece EL 89 Hungary HU 71 Ireland IE 70 Italy IT 90 Latvia LV 94 Lithuania LT 92 Luxembourg LU 80 Malta MT 100 Netherlands NL 77 Norway NO 67 Poland PL 68 Portugal PT 94 Romania RO 93 Slovakia SK 79 Slovenia SI 85 Spain ES 72 Sweden SE 69 Türkiye TR 91 Back to list of tables   Table 4. Drug-induced deaths in the European Union: age at death, 2021 or most recent available data (%) Age range Females Males <25 7 9 25-44 39 54 45-64 30 33 >64 24 5 Back to list of tables   Table 5. Proportion of drug-induced deaths cases with opioids mentioned, 2021 or most recent available data Country Country code Share with opioids (percent) Austria AT 86 Belgium BE 49 Bulgaria BG 82 Croatia HR 86 Cyprus CY 50 Czechia CZ 28 Denmark DK 96 Estonia EE 67 Finland FI 88 France FR 74 Germany DE 66 Greece EL 83 Hungary HU 40 Ireland IE 87 Italy IT 70 Latvia LV 38 Lithuania LT 80 Luxembourg LU 80 Malta MT 33 Netherlands NL 50 Norway NO 84 Portugal PT 66 Romania RO 87 Slovakia SK 43 Slovenia SI 71 Sweden SE 88 Türkiye TR 36 Back to list of tables   Table 6. Number of drug-induced deaths reported in the European Union in 2012 and 2021, or the most recent year, by age band Age range 2012 (Females) 2021 or most recent (Females) 2012 (Males) 2021 or most recent (Males) 15-19 31 27 52 102 20-24 66 55 264 254 25-29 99 82 486 375 30-34 115 116 605 491 35-39 97 114 507 635 40-44 74 108 450 560 45-49 93 92 354 498 50-54 77 86 180 325 55-59 51 69 133 229 60-64 30 52 53 127 65+ 83 169 64 142 Back to list of tables   Table 7. Trends in drug-induced deaths in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Türkiye 126 105 162 232 497 590 920 941 657 342 314 270 Norway 248 262 246 234 266 289 282 247 286 275 324 241 Germany 1237 986 944 1002 1032 1226 1333 1272 1276 1398 1581 1826 Netherlands 94 103 118 144 123 197 235 262 224 252 295 298 Finland 156 197 213 201 176 166 194 200 261 234 258 287 Sweden 371 373 429 481 632 675 605 643 583 555 524 450 Other countries 3291 3271 3131 3082 3144 3242 3248 3288 3263 3351 3300 3305 Back to list of tables   Table 8. Share (percent) of drug-induced deaths with benzodiazepines involved, 2019 to 2021, selected countries among those with available information Country 2019 2020 2021 Bulgaria 21.4 8.8 7.4 Denmark 75 57.4 71 Greece 8.2 3.6 3.5 Spain 63.1 59.9   France 4.4 3.2   Cyprus 0 0 40 Luxembourg 0 83.3 80 Hungary 11.6 4.2 14.3 Austria 59.5 65.8 66.9 Portugal 46 37.3 58.1 Romania   42.4 43.3 Slovenia   50 36.5 Finland 65.6 57.9 61.7 Sweden 0.9 0.4 0.7 Back to list of tables  

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye. Price...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye. Price...