New psychoactive substances: 25 years of early warning and response in Europe — an update from the EU Early Warning System

Table of contents

• Introduction
• PART 1: The EU Early Warning System: 25 years of monitoring the appearance of NPS in Europe
  • The first 10 years, 1997-2007
  • Legal highs and research chemicals, 2008-2015
  • Greater complexity and integration with the illicit market, 2016-2022
• PART 2: Update on the work of the EU EWS in 2020-2021
  • Number of NPS on the market
  • Overview of law enforcement seizures
  • Risk communications
  • Synthetic cathinones
  • Synthetic cannabinoids
  • Opioids
  • Benzodiazepines
• PART 3: Lessons learned from 25 years of monitoring NPS in Europe
  • Global markets create glocal threats
  • Build, maintain and strengthen early warning systems
• Conclusion
• References
• Annexes