Publications database | www.emcdda.europa.eu

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Cover page of risk assessment guidelines

Manuals and guidelines

EMCDDA operating guidelines for the risk assessment of new psychoactive substances

The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure compliance with the scope and requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended) and Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA (as amended) in respect to the risk assessment procedure for and reporting on new psychoactive substances. To...

Cover page of the trendspotter briefing

Ad hoc publication

Impact of COVID-19 on drug markets, drug use, drug-related harms and responses in south European Neighbourhood Policy countries

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been experiencing an unprecedented public health emergency caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has led to progressive introduction of social distancing and other control measures by national governments. To investigate the effects...

Publication cover: Low-THC cannabis products in Europe / December 2020

Ad hoc publication

Low-THC cannabis products in Europe

An increase in the open sale of cannabis products in Europe has raised questions around the possible legal and commercial status of these products. The products are marketed for their low THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content, which sellers claim exempt them from control by drug laws, or as sources of...

Technical reports

EMCDDA technical report on the new psychoactive substance methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-{[1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA)

The purpose of this technical report is to provide an analysis of the available information on methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-{[1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}butanoate (commonly known as MDMB-4en-PINACA), a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that has recently emerged on the drug market...

Technical reports

EMCDDA technical report on the new psychoactive substance methyl 2-{[1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (4F-MDMB-BICA)

The purpose of this technical report is to provide an analysis of the available information on methyl 2-{[1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (commonly known as 4F-MDMB-BICA), a synthetic receptor cannabinoid agonist that has recently emerged on the drug market in...

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Rapid communication

New psychoactive substances: global markets, glocal threats and the COVID-19 pandemic — an update from the EU Early Warning System

In this update from the the EU Early Warning System aims to provide insights into what is happening with new psychoactive substances in Europe, based on data from the agency’s early warning and risk-assessment activities. The report covers the period until October 2020 and this year focuses on...

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Conference proceedings

Meeting report – Expert meeting on drug-related infectious diseases (DRID) 2020

This meeting report provides an overview of the content of the DRID meeting that took place online on 22-23 October 2020, focusing on: the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 on drug users and harm reduction services involved in HIV, hepatitis and STI prevention, care and treatment; an...

EMCDDA protocols, standards and guidelines

EMCDDA certification of the Reitox national focal points

This document describes the EMCDDA's Reitox certicifcation process. The Reitox certification project is a process for formal acknowledgement of the competence of an EMCDDA national focal point to carry out specific tasks in a reliable, credible and accurate manner and confirmation that it meets the...

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EMCDDA protocols, standards and guidelines

Protocol for updating the Evidence database of the Best Practice Portal

The Evidence database is a core component of the EMCDDA’s Best Practice Portal. The portal is a resource for professionals, policymakers and researchers in the drugs field and provides information on the available evidence on drug-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction, focusing on the...

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Ad hoc publication

Reitox national focal points’ activities during the COVID-19 pandemic

This report highlights the responses taken by the EMCDDA's Reitox network of national focal points to the COVID-19 crisis and describes the challenges met by the organisations and the strategies produced to overcome these challenges.

Cover of publication

Ad hoc publication

Emerging evidence of Afghanistan’s role as a producer and supplier of ephedrine and methamphetamine

This paper provides an analysis of the available data that suggest that a methamphetamine industry is rapidly being established in Afghanistan. The analysis provided is based on information from key informants, documentary sources and the analysis of satellite imagery. The paper also highlights an...

Publication cover

Risk assessments

Report on the risk assessment of N,N-diethyl-2- [[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1Hbenzimidazole- 1-ethanamine (isotonitazene) in accordance with Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended)

This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on N,N-diethyl-2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole-1- ethanamine (isotonitazene), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 26 May 2020. On the basis of the Risk Assessment...

Joint publications

ESPAD Report 2019 — Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

This report presents the results of the seventh ESPAD data-collection wave, conducted in 35 countries during the spring and autumn of 2019. It paints a comprehensive picture of the present situation among 15–16-year-old school students as regards the use of cigarettes, alcohol, illicit drugs,...

Initial reports

EMCDDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance MDMB-4en-PINACA

Methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis and controlled synthetic cannabinoids. Because of their high potency...

Initial reports

EMCDDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance 4F-MDMB-BICA

Methyl 2-({[1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (4F-MDMB-BICA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis. Because of their high potency, synthetic cannabinoids can pose a...

Technical reports

Drug-related homicide in Europe: data protocol

This report is part of the EMCDDA activity around the development and improvement of drug supply indicators, which are designed to reflect developments in drug markets as well as the markets’ wider harms and impact. The protocol in this document provides a framework for standardised drug-related...

25 years of monitoring

Looking back on 25 years of annual reporting on the drugs problem in Europe

In this brochure, the EMCDDA's Scientific Director takes us on a journey through 25 years of annual reporting on the drugs problem in Europe. The journey begins with the first report describing the drug situation in 1995 and leads us, over key milestones, to the latest European Drug Report 2020....

Ad hoc publication

EMCDDA trendspotter briefing: Impact of COVID-19 on drug markets, drug use, drug-related harms and responses in east European Neighbourhood Policy countries

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been experiencing an unprecedented public health emergency caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has led to the progressive introduction of social distancing and other control measures by national governments. To investigate the...

publication cover

European Drug Report

European Drug Report 2020: Key Issues

This report, available in 24 languages, presents a summary of some the main findings of the 'European Drug Report 2020: Trends and Developments the EMCDDA’s latest analysis of the drug situation in Europe. The issues selected here have been chosen for their policy relevance and general interest.

European Drug Report

European Drug Report 2020: Trends and Developments

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of patterns emerging across Europe in the areas of drug supply, illicit drug use and associated public health problems. National data sets are also provided across these themes and on key harm-reduction interventions. The report is available in English...

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