Publications database

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Technical reports

EMCDDA technical report on the new psychoactive substance N,Ndiethyl- 2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1Hbenzimidazole- 1-ethanamine (isotonitazene)

June 2020

The purpose of this technical report is to provide an analysis of the available information on N,N-diethyl-2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole-1-ethanamine (commonly known as isotonitazene), an opioid analgesic that has recently emerged on the drug market in Europe, to...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methyl 1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-[phenyl(propanoyl)amino]piperidine-4-carboxylate (carfentanil)

November 2017

In May 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance methyl 1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-[phenyl(propanoyl)amino]piperidine-4-carboxylate (carfentanil), through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this substance for the...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-CHMINACA)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1- (cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, commonly known as ADB-CHMINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide (CUMYL-4CN-BINACA)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3- carboxamide, commonly known as CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data collection on this...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide (tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl; THF-F)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]tetrahydrofuran- 2-carboxamide, commonly known as tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (THF-F), through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide (4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl; 4F-iBF)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl) isobutyramide, commonly known as 4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4F-iBF), through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methyl 2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PINACA; 5F-ADB)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance methyl 2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}- 3,3-dimethylbutanoate, commonly known as 5F-MDMB-PINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA)

September 2017

In March 2017, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on the new psychoactive substance N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)- 1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, commonly known as AB-CHMINACA, through a joint assessment. The two organisations launched a data...

Perspectives on Drugs (PODs)

Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe (Perspectives on drugs)

June 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids represent the largest group of substances currently monitored in Europe by the EMCCDA through the EU Early Warning System. Current knowledge on these substances and trends in production, availability, use and harms are presented in this analysis. Part of the ‘Perspectives on...

Joint Reports

EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone (α-PVP)

September 2015

In May 2015, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone, commonly known as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), through a joint assessment. The two organisations concluded that sufficient information had been...

European Drug Report

European Drug Report 2015: Trends and Developments

June 2015

Changing dynamics in the heroin market, the latest implications of cannabis use and new features and dimensions of the stimulant and ‘new drugs’ scene are among the issues highlighted in the European Drug Report 2015: Trends and Developments. This years’ annual review reflects on 20 years of...

Perspectives on Drugs (PODs)

Synthetic drug production in Europe (Perspectives on drugs)

June 2015

Synthetic drugs have been produced illicitly in Europe for over 40 years and, by global standards, Europe remains a significant producer today. Described in this analysis are current trends in illicit synthetic drug production in Europe and some of the challenges faced by law enforcement in this...

Drug profile

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) drug profile

January 2015

Drug profiles are scientifically sound descriptions of drugs in the form of ‘drug profiles’. Presented in a standardised way, each profile briefly gives the chemistry, pharmacology, synthesis and precursors of each substance, as well as analysis, physical form (e.g. powder, tablet) and mode of use...