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EMCDDA Document Library

Displaying 1 - 10 of 165

From JWH-018 to OXIZIDS: structural evolution of synthetic cannabinoids in the European Union from 2008 to present day

December 2022

This study provides an inventory of the SCs detected in the EU from 2008-2022, describing their structural evolution by analysing separately four structural features: their core, tail, linker, and linked groups. The range of structural changes is analysed considering key mile-stones, including the...

EMCDDA framework and practical guidance for naming synthetic cannabinoids

November 2022

This work provides a theoretical framework and a practical hands-on guideline for consistent naming of synthetic cannabinoids, which is easy to understand and can be applied by the forensic community, researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy-makers. The proposed framework builds on the...

Environmental prevention: why do we need it now and how to advance it?

March 2022

Environmental substance use prevention is an emerging approach that could overcome the limitations of traditional prevention as well as health promotion. Yet, questions of theory, practice and evaluation are to be addressed, as outlined here.

Use of Psychoactive Substances during COVID-19 in Republic of North Macedonia

March 2022

COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest health crisis of our time. The aim of paper is to present the results related to the use of the illicit drugs due to the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of users.

The International Cannabis Toolkit (iCannToolkit)

March 2022

A group of 25 international expert cannabis researchers convened to discuss a multidisciplinary framework for minimum standards to measure cannabis use globally in diverse settings.

Mortality involving New Psychoactive Substances across Europe, 2016- 2017

March 2022

This study aims to estimate the mortality related to NPS in Europe in 2016 and 2017.

Associations between a history of incarceration and HIV and HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs across 17 countries in Europe

December 2021

We aimed to estimate the associations between a history of incarceration and prevalence of HIV and HCV infection among PWID in Europe.

Standard units for cannabis dose

November 2021

Changes in cannabis policy will align cannabis use more closely with alcohol, benzodiazepines, prescribed opioids and tobacco rather than with currently illegal drugs. We propose the establishment of a Standard Cannabis Unit (SCU) based on quantity of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), the primary...

The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on drug service provision in European prisons

October 2021

This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 containment measures on the provision of drug treatment and harm reduction services in European prisons in15 countries during the early phase of the pandemic (March –June 2020).

Regulatory approaches to cannabidiol in the European Union

August 2021

The rapid growth in marketing cannabidiol poses a challenge to current European regulatory frameworks that can have important implications for consumer safety, public health, and established industries.

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