infographics

This page is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. .aag h3, .aag h4, .aag h5, .aag p {text-align: center; }...

  Implementation at any level, including pilot projects, is included. Source data The data used to generate infographics and charts on this page may be found below. Show source tables List of tables Table 1 (number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2022) Table 2 (availability of take-home naloxone in Europe) Table 3 (needle and syringes distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2021 or latest available estimate) Table 4 (location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe) Table 1. Number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2022 Year Drug checking Drug consumption rooms Methadone maintenance treatment Needle and syringe programmes Take-home naloxone 1967     1     1968     2     1969           1970     3     1971           1972           1973           1974     4     1975     5     1976           1977     6     1978           1979           1980           1981           1982           1983           1984       2   1985       3   1986       6   1987     8 7   1988       8   1989     9 11   1990     11 13   1991     12     1992 1   15 14   1993     16 16   1994     17 19   1995     20 21   1996 2   22     1997 5   23 25   1998     26 26   1999           2000       27   2001 7   27     2002           2003           2004           2005           2006           2007       28   2008           2009           2010         1 2011           2012           2013         2 2014 8       4 2015   1     6 2016 9 2     7 2017   6     9 2018 10 8     11 2019   9     13 2020 12       15 2021           2022 12 10 27 28 16 Back to list of tables   Table 2. Availability of take-home naloxone in Europe Country Availability Austria Available Belgium Not available Bulgaria Not available Croatia Not available Cyprus Available Czechia Available Denmark Available Estonia Available Finland Not available France Available Germany Available Greece Not available Hungary Not available Ireland Available Italy Available Latvia Not available Lithuania Available Luxembourg Not available Malta Not available Netherlands Not available Norway Available Poland Not available Portugal Available Romania Not available Slovakia Not available Slovenia Available Spain Available Sweden Available Türkiye Not available Back to list of tables   Table 3. Needle and syringe distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2021 or latest available estimate Country Proportion in opioid agonist treatment Syringes per person who injects drugs Number people who inject drugs Croatia 0.5 43 6344 Cyprus 0.17 8 627 Czechia 0.59 232 40500 Finland 0.18 264 25000 France 0.78 118 106857 Greece 0.85 234 2462 Italy 0.27 5 105652 Latvia 0.1 145 7715 Lithuania 0.15 30 8868 Luxembourg 0.86 523 822 Norway 0.86 482 7878 Portugal 0.64 86 13162 Spain 0.9 181 8582 Belgium 0.72 172 7018 Back to list of tables   Table 4. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe City Country lat lon Number of facilities Brussels Belgium 50.84 4.35 1 Liege Belgium 50.6278 5.57459 1 Aarhus Denmark 56.14597 10.19845 1 Copenhagen Denmark 55.67453 12.5677 2 Odense Denmark 55.39509 10.38202 1 Vejle Denmark 55.70232 9.522832 1 Paris France 48.8539 2.34879 1 Strasbourg France 48.579 7.73633 1 Berlin Germany 52.504671 13.3945135 3 Bielefeld Germany 52.02656 8.540516 1 Bochum Germany 51.4815 7.2244 1 Bonn Germany 50.78 7.1778 1 Dortmund Germany 51.56247 7.45377 1 Düsseldorf Germany 51.2397 6.6778 1 Essen Germany 51.4798 7.0569 1 Frankfurt Germany 50.20948 8.76 4 Hamburg Germany 53.56828 9.999227 5 Hannover Germany 52.37608 9.73263 1 Karlsruhe Germany 49.012 8.390306 1 Köln Germany 50.93167 6.949464 1 Münster Germany 51.95222 7.623233 1 Saarbrücken Germany 49.24041 6.98665 1 Troisdorf Germany 50.818 7.14125 1 Wuppertal Germany 51.24225 7.158186 1 Athens Greece 38 23.7 1 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg 49.50245 5.97222 1 Luxembourg Luxembourg 49.6503 6.2512 1 Almere Netherlands 52.3829 5.2887 1 Amsterdam Netherlands 52.414 4.90793 3 Apeldoorn Netherlands 52.1813 6.00827 1 Arnhem Netherlands 51.98497 5.899034 1 Deventer Netherlands 52.29638 6.178408 1 Enschede Netherlands 52.1988 6.87604 1 Haarlem Netherlands 52.389 4.6896 1 Heerlen Netherlands 50.8888 5.9811 1 Leeuwarden Netherlands 53.1987 5.8322 1 Leiden Netherlands 52.1597 4.4811544 1 Maastricht Netherlands 50.8541 5.69063 1 Nijmegen Netherlands 51.81272 5.842056 2 Roermond Netherlands 51.2248 5.9753 1 Rotterdam Netherlands 51.8882 4.6136 4 s-Hertogenbosch Netherlands 51.69714 5.305474 1 Tilburg Netherlands 51.60593 5.14963 1 Utrecht Netherlands 52.086 5.1127 1 Vlissingen Netherlands 51.42818 3.52915 1 Zwolle Netherlands 52.54429 6.09052 1 Bergen Norway 60.3954 5.33062 1 Oslo Norway 59.920979 10.753526 1 Porto Portugal 41.149 -8.610 1 Lisbon Portugal 38.716311 -9.142432 2 Badalona Spain 41.450142 2.24742 1 Barcelona Spain 41.3825 2.1769 9 Bilbao Spain 43.2569 -2.9236 1 Lleida Spain 41.61898 0.6201 1 Reus Spain 41.14994 1.10571 2 Sant Adrià de Besòs Spain 41.430599 2.21824 1 Tarragona Spain 41.1186 1.24047 1 Back to list of tables  

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. The coverage is based on the latest national estimates of injecting...

  Implementation at any level, including pilot projects, is included. Source data The data used to generate infographics and charts on this page may be found below. Show source tables List of tables Table 1 (Coverage of opioid agonist treatment in 2021 or the most recent year and 2011/12) Table 2a (Clients in opioid agonist treatment) Table 2b (Trends in the number in opioid agonist treatment) Table 3 (Number of European countries implementing opioid agonist treatment, up to 2022) Table 1. Coverage of opioid agonist treatment in 2021 or the most recent year and 2011/12 (Percent) Year Series Country Low Estimate High 2017 2021 or most recent Latvia 8 10 12 2020 2021 or most recent Romania 8 10 13 2016 2021 or most recent Lithuania 9 15 21 2021 2021 or most recent Cyprus 10 17 25 2014 2021 or most recent Poland 16 21 28 2021 2021 or most recent Slovakia 14 23 32 2016 2021 or most recent Denmark 16 27 39 2016 2021 or most recent Germany 48 49 49 2015 2021 or most recent Croatia 39 50 62 2021 2021 or most recent Austria 50 52 54 2019 2021 or most recent Ireland 49 53 54 2021 2021 or most recent Czechia 57 59 61 2018 2021 or most recent Portugal 42 64 98 2019 2021 or most recent Belgium   72   2021 2021 or most recent Slovenia 69 75 80 2020 2021 or most recent France 78 80 82 2021 2021 or most recent Greece 56 85 100 2013 2021 or most recent Norway 56 86 100 2019 2021 or most recent Luxembourg   86   2020 2021 or most recent Malta 77 89 95 2020 2021 or most recent Spain 65 90 100 2012 Previous estimate Latvia 4 5 7 2016 Previous estimate Romania 5 7 9 2007 Previous estimate Lithuania 7 7 7 2011 Previous estimate Cyprus 25 31 37 2009 Previous estimate Poland 10 13 19 2018 Previous estimate Slovakia 11 20 28   Previous estimate           Previous estimate           Previous estimate         2011 Previous estimate Austria 54 55 57 2011 Previous estimate Ireland 44 53 57 2011 Previous estimate Czechia 46 48 51 2012 Previous estimate Portugal 66 75 88   Previous estimate           Previous estimate           Previous estimate         2011 Previous estimate Greece 30 33 37   Previous estimate           Previous estimate           Previous estimate         2010 Previous estimate Spain 82 96 100 Back to list of tables   Table 2a. Clients in opioid agonist treatment Characteristic Number in treatment Data Unit Number in treatment EU 511210 number Number in treatment EU+2 523821 number Age <15 0 % Age 15-19 0 % Age 20-24 2 % Age 25-29 5 % Age 30-34 11 % Age 35-39 17 % Age 40-44 20 % Age 45-49 16 % Age 50-54 15 % Age 55-59 7 % Age 60-64 5 % Age >64 1 % Gender Females 23 % Gender Males 77 % Medication Methadone 55.88 % Medication Buprenorphine 34.57 % Medication Other 6.73 % Medication Slow-release oral morphine 2.56 % Medication Diacetylmorphine 0.24 % Medication Dihydrocodeine 0.02 % Duration <12 10 % Duration 12 to 24 11 % Duration 25 to 60 27 % Duration 61 to 120 21 % Duration >120 30 % Back to list of tables   Table 2b. Trends in the number in opioid agonist treatment Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Spain 82372 76263 69111 61954 61859 59264 58749 58857 58447 58540 55058 55058 Germany 77400 76200 75400 77300 77500 77200 78500 78800 79400 79700 81300 81300 Other countries 110244 113180 111533 104996 106186 106951 106194 107576 108587 109814 110117 111228 France 155944 170322 172795 176065 174274 178313 178560 177490 177100 178700 178800 180000 Back to list of tables   Table 3. Number of European countries implementing opioid agonist treatment, up to 2022 Year Buprenorphine/naloxone combination Heroin assisted treatment (including pilots) High-dosage buprenorphine treatment Methadone maintenance treatment Opioid agonist treatment in prison Slow-release morphine 1967       1     1968       2     1969             1970       3     1971             1972             1973             1974       4     1975       5     1976             1977       6     1978             1979             1980             1981             1982             1983             1984             1985         1   1986             1987       8 2   1988         3   1989       9     1990       11 4   1991       12     1992       15 6   1993       16     1994       17     1995       20 9   1996     1 22     1997     2 23     1998   1 3 26 10 1 1999     8   11   2000     10   14   2001     11 27 15   2002     14       2003   3 15       2004 1   16   16   2005     18     3 2006 4   19   19 5 2007 7   20       2008 13 4     23   2009 16           2010         24   2011   5         2012 17       25   2013             2014         26   2015             2016             2017             2018             2019 18           2020             2021             2022 18 5 20 27 26 5

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   Trends in the number of opioid agonist clients are based...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   Coverage is defined as the share of high-risk opioid users...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. Figure. Drug law offences — number of offences, supply and use/possession...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. Figure. Drug law offences — possession/use offences, indexed trends (2011 =...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye. Price...

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.   EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye. Source...