EMCDDA commissioned paper

Cover of the background paper on environmental impact of synthetic drug production
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Environmental impact of synthetic drug production: analysis of groundwater samples for contaminants derived from illicit synthetic drug production waste

The Netherlands and Belgium are known major producers of synthetic psychoactive drugs such as MDMA, amphetamine and, more recently, methamphetamine. The present study shows that as a result of the illicit production...
Thumbnail of the cover of the background paper on improving the estimation of the size of the European drug market
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Improving the estimation of the size of the European drug market

The EMCDDA has produced in recent years different estimates of the size of the EU drugs market. To improve and develop these estimates the agency has contracted Addiction Switzerland and the School...
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The nexus between drug markets and gun violence in the European Union

This report discusses the connection between drug trafficking and firearms trafficking, focusing on systemic drug-related gun violence. It also examines the societal impact of this violence within the EU. For those interested...
Cover of the background paper on the size of drug markets using wastewater-derived data
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Estimating the size of drug markets in selected European cities using wastewater-derived data on drug and drug metabolite residues

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is proving to be a promising tool to back-estimate illicit drug market sizes. Within the framework of the Sewage analysis CORe group Europe (SCORE) network, influent wastewater (IWW) samples...
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An analysis of cash collection systems related to the European drug market

Money laundering is practised exclusively by criminal organisations that have attained a proven level of professionalism. It occurs at a certain point in the criminal cycle because it enables an illicit enterprise...
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An analysis of drug dealing via social media

This study investigated the current state of social media drug dealing. The main objective was to understand how contemporary hybrid digital social media markets have evolved since previous research was undertaken in...
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Cryptocurrencies and drugs: Analysis of cryptocurrency use on darknet markets in the EU and neighbouring countries

This report uses data from Chainalysis to estimate the degree of activity in the darknet market ecosystem (from 1 June 2011 to 31 October 2021) and triangulate these activities collated to the...
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Cannabis cultivation and trafficking in the Western Balkans

The study aimed to collect the latest information on cannabis production and trafficking routes in the Western Balkan region by developing an analysis that encompasses both a national and a regional perspective...
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Responding to drug-related problems among migrants, refugees and ethnic minorities in Europe

Migration has had an increasing impact on European policymaking over the past decade, in the wake of what has been called the ‘refugee migration peak’. In addition to an influx of refugees...
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Responses to the needs of children of people who use drugs

Although not all drug use by a parent will impact on a child, it is recognised that for some children the effect of their parent’s drug use continues from their infancy into...
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